343 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
343 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
# java发送邮件
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javax.email已经被弃用了
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```java
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被弃用
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
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<artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId>
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<version>1.6.2</version>
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</dependency>
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```
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使用新的Jakartaapi
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```xml
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<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.sun.mail/jakarta.mail -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
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<artifactId>jakarta.mail</artifactId>
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<version>2.0.1</version>
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</dependency>
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```
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## java基本数据类型有哪些
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Java的基本数据类型分为：1、整数类型，用来表示整数的数据类型。2、浮点类型，用来表示小数的数据类型。3、字符类型，字符类型的关键字是“char”。4、布尔类型，是表示逻辑值的基本数据类型。
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Jakarta Mail API提供了一个独立于平台和协议的框架来构建邮件，完成邮件接收与发送功能。它也包含在Java EE平台中，也可以和Java SE平台一起使用。
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Jakarta Mail的前生是JavaMail。JavaMail最后一个版本是于2018年8月发布，已经停止更新。新项目应该使用Jakarta Mail。
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现在很多邮箱默认关闭smtp，pop3，imap服务，需要在设置中手动开启。
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如果邮箱是使用授权码，则需要生成授权码(代替下文中密码)，这种方式更安全。
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### 依赖
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注意Jakarta Mail引用的包名与JavaMail不同，我写demo时用的是2.0.0版。
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```xml
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
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<artifactId>jakarta.mail</artifactId>
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<version>{version}</version>
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</dependency>
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```
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所有jar清单：
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最新版本包含了对Android的支持，可参考Jakarta Mail for Android
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### 发送邮件
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使用smtp协议接收，本文以QQ邮箱为例。
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发送普通文本邮件
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```java
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MailObject mailObj = new MailObject();
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mailObj.setFrom("engr-z@qq.com");
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mailObj.setTo(new String[]{"post@engr-z.com"});
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mailObj.setSubject("JavaMail 2.0");
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mailObj.setFormat(MailObject.EmailFormat.TEXT);
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mailObj.setBody("Java 收发邮件 (Jakarta Mail)");
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// smtp配置，可保存到properties文件，读取
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Properties props = new Properties();
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props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.qq.com");
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props.put("mail.smtp.port", 465);
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props.put("mail.smtp.ssl", true);
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// 需要认证
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props.put("mail.smtp.auth", true);
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props.put("mail.smtp.user", "engr-z@qq.com");
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props.put("mail.smtp.pass", "******");
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// 使用ssl
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props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
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//props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", false);
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//props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", mailConfig.getPort());
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// 创建会话
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Session session = Session.getInstance(props, new Authenticator() {
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@Override
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protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
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if (Boolean.valueOf(props.getProperty("mail.smtp.auth"))) {
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// 需要认证
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PasswordAuthentication auth = new PasswordAuthentication(props.getProperty("mail.smtp.user"), props.getProperty("mail.smtp.pass"));
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return auth;
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}
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return super.getPasswordAuthentication();
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}
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});
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// 构建邮件消息
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MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
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msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(mailObj.getFrom()));
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InternetAddress[] address = new InternetAddress[mailObj.getTo().length];
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for (int i = 0, j = mailObj.getTo().length; i < j; i++) {
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address[i] = new InternetAddress(mailObj.getTo()[i]);
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}
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// 可以用msg.setRecipients方法增加多个接收人，指定接收人类型
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// Message.RecipientType.CC 抄送
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// Message.RecipientType.BCC 密送
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msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, address);
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msg.setSubject(mailObj.getSubject());
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if (MailObject.EmailFormat.HTML.equals(mailObj.getFormat())) {
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// html格式
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msg.setContent(mailObj.getBody(), "text/html;charset=utf-8");
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} else {
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msg.setText(mailObj.getBody());
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}
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msg.setSentDate(new Date());
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// 发送邮件
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Transport.send(msg);
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```
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发送带附件的邮件
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```java
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MailObject mailObj = new MailObject();
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mailObj.setFrom("engr-z@qq.com");
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mailObj.setTo(new String[]{"post@engr-z.com"});
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mailObj.setSubject("JavaMail 2.0");
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mailObj.setFormat(MailObject.EmailFormat.TEXT);
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mailObj.setBody("Java 收发邮件 (Jakarta Mail)");
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// smtp配置，可保存到properties文件，读取
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Properties props = new Properties();
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props.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.qq.com");
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props.put("mail.smtp.port", 465);
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props.put("mail.smtp.ssl", true);
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// 需要认证
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props.put("mail.smtp.auth", true);
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props.put("mail.smtp.user", "engr-z@qq.com");
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props.put("mail.smtp.pass", "******");
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// 使用ssl
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props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
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//props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", false);
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//props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", mailConfig.getPort());
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// 创建会话
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Session session = Session.getInstance(props, new Authenticator() {
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@Override
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protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
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if (Boolean.valueOf(props.getProperty("mail.smtp.auth"))) {
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// 需要认证
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PasswordAuthentication auth = new PasswordAuthentication(props.getProperty("mail.smtp.user"), props.getProperty("mail.smtp.pass"));
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return auth;
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}
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return super.getPasswordAuthentication();
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}
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});
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// 构建邮件消息
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MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session);
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msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(mailObj.getFrom()));
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InternetAddress[] address = new InternetAddress[mailObj.getTo().length];
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for (int i = 0, j = mailObj.getTo().length; i < j; i++) {
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address[i] = new InternetAddress(mailObj.getTo()[i]);
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}
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// 可以用msg.setRecipients方法增加多个接收人，指定接收人类型
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// Message.RecipientType.CC 抄送
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// Message.RecipientType.BCC 密送
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msg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, address);
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msg.setSubject(mailObj.getSubject());
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Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart();
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// 邮件内容
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MimeBodyPart body = new MimeBodyPart();
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if (MailObject.EmailFormat.HTML.equals(mailObj.getFormat())) {
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// html格式
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body.setContent(mailObj.getBody(), "text/html;charset=utf-8");
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} else {
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body.setText(mailObj.getBody());
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}
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mp.addBodyPart(body);
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// 附件
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for (File file : mailObj.getFiles()) {
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MimeBodyPart attachment = new MimeBodyPart();
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attachment.attachFile(file);
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mp.addBodyPart(attachment);
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}
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msg.setContent(mp);
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msg.setSentDate(new Date());
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// 发送邮件
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Transport.send(msg);
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```
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代码中MailObj是我创建的MailObject对象，MailObject封装了邮件相关的信息：
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```java
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/**
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* @author Engr-Z
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* @since 2021/3/3
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*/
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@Data
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public class MailObject {
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enum EmailFormat {
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TEXT, HTML
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}
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/**
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* 发件人
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*/
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private String from;
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/**
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* 收件人
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*/
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private String[] to;
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/**
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* 抄送人
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*/
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private String[] cc;
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/**
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* 密送人
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*/
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private String[] bcc;
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/**
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* 邮件标题
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*/
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private String subject;
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/**
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* 邮件内容
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*/
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private String body;
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/**
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* 邮件格式
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*/
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private EmailFormat format;
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/**
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* 附件
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*/
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private File[] files;
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}
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```
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### 接收邮件
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接收邮件常用的协议有pop3，imap和exchange。exchange是微软的邮箱协议，Jakarta Mail暂不支持。
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使用pop3协议
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```java
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// pop3配置，可保存到properties文件，读取
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Properties props = new Properties();
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props.put("mail.pop3.host", "pop.qq.com");
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props.put("mail.pop3.port", 995);
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props.put("mail.pop3.ssl", true);
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// 需要认证
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props.put("mail.pop3.auth", true);
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props.put("mail.pop3.user", "post@engr-z.com");
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props.put("mail.pop3.pass", "******");
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// 使用ssl
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props.put("mail.pop3.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
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//props.put("mail.pop3.socketFactory.fallback", false);
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//props.put("mail.pop3.socketFactory.port", mailConfig.getPort());
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Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props);
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Store store = session.getStore(mailConfig.getProtocol().value);
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if (Boolean.valueOf(props.getProperty("mail.pop3.auth"))) {
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// 需要认证
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store.connect(mailConfig.getHost(), mailConfig.getPort(), props.getProperty("mail.pop3.user"), props.getProperty("mail.pop3.pass"));
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} else {
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store.connect();
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}
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// 获取收件箱 store.getDefaultForlder
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Folder mbox = store.getFolder("INBOX");
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// INBOX
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mbox.open(Folder.READ_ONLY);
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System.out.println(mbox.getName());
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int msgCount = mbox.getMessageCount();
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System.out.println("邮件总数：" + msgCount);
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// 取最新的邮件
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Message msg = mbox.getMessage(msgCount);
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System.out.println("邮件主题：" + msg.getSubject());
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System.out.println("发件人：" + msg.getFrom());
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// 返回数组
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System.out.println("收件人：" + msg.getRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO));
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// 没有为null
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System.out.println("抄送人：" + msg.getRecipients(Message.RecipientType.CC));
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// 没有为null
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System.out.println("密送人：" + msg.getRecipients(Message.RecipientType.BCC));
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// MimeMultipart 对像
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System.out.println("邮件内容：" + msg.getContent());
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```
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使用imap协议
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只需把上面props配置key改为imap即可，QQ邮件imap端口是 993：
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```java
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// imap配置，可保存到properties文件，读取
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Properties props = new Properties();
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props.put("mail.imap.host", "imap.qq.com");
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props.put("mail.imap.port", 993);
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props.put("mail.imap.ssl", true);
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// 需要认证
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props.put("mail.imap.auth", true);
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props.put("mail.imap.user", "post@engr-z.com");
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props.put("mail.imap.pass", "******");
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// 使用ssl
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props.put("mail.imap.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
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//props.put("mail.imap.socketFactory.fallback", false);
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//props.put("mail.imap.socketFactory.port", mailConfig.getPort());
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Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props);
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Store store = session.getStore(mailConfig.getProtocol().value);
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if (Boolean.valueOf(props.getProperty("mail.imap.auth"))) {
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// 需要认证
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store.connect(mailConfig.getHost(), mailConfig.getPort(), props.getProperty("mail.imap.user"), props.getProperty("mail.imap.pass"));
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} else {
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store.connect();
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}
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// 以下操作与pop3相同......
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```
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以上是“Java怎么基于Jakarta Mail实现收发邮件”这篇文章的所有内容，感谢各位的阅读！相信大家都有了一定的了解，希望分享的内容对大家有所帮助，如果还想学习更多知识，欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道
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